Literature Research Worksheet Essay Example

Literature Research Worksheet Essay Nursing Research and Practice June 18, 2012 Jacquelyn Zirbes University of Phoenix Material Literature Search Worksheet * Select a literature search topic relevant to your practice. The topic must be sufficiently delineated in scope without being trivial. You will revisit this article in the Week Five presentation. Possible topics include but are not limited to: * * Non-pharmacological pain relief with childbirth * Effects of shift work and fatigue on medication errors Best practices for pin site care * Nurse satisfaction in magnet hospitals * Accurate temperature assessment methods in neonates * Pain assessment in the cognitively impaired * Childhood type II diabetes and obesity * Complementary and alternative therapies for control of menopausal symptoms * Best practices in nurse-led smoking cessation classes * Thermoregulation in the operating room * Best practices for pain assessment and management in specified area of practice * * Complete the table below: * * Which topic did you choose? * Best practices for pain assessment and management in specified area of practice * | * Which three databases will you use? * * 1. EBSCO * 2. ProQuest * 3. PUBMED * | * Search each database, using key words, for relevant research on this subject. What key words did you use in the Search Strategy fields? Include all attempts and limitations used to refine your search. * 1. I used the key words: Pain assessment and management; Pain management orthopedic surgery; NSAIDs use in orthopedic surgery; 2. I limited my search to peer reviewed journals only. 3. I also refined my search by using full text journals that were published between 2001-2012. * | * * Report the number of citations identified from each database in the number of articles found field. * * 1. EBSCOhost: 9 * 2. ProQuest: 9064 * 3. PUBMED: 2154 * | * Select one article from a peer-reviewed nursing journal published within the last three years—or a germinal article which may contain an earlier publication date—and provide the citation in APA format. * Leach, D. , amp; Bonfe, M. (2009). The effectiveness of Femoral/Sciatic nerve blocks on postoperative pain management in total knee arthroplasty. Orthopaedic Nursing,  28(5), 257-62. http://search. proquest. com/docview/195964994? accountid=35812 * | * Answer the following questions using your selected research article: * 1. Is this qualitative or quantitative? What is the study design? What criteria did you use to determine the study design? * * My artic le is a quantitative research. We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Research Worksheet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Research Worksheet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Research Worksheet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The researchers used an experimental research design which includes a total of 130 patients who had total knee replacements. The controlled group of 65 patients received general or spinal anesthesia with conventional narcotic management postoperatively, while the intervention group of 65 patients received general or spinal anesthesia with femoral/sciatic nerve block post-operatively. * The criteria I used to determine the study design is looking at what kind of study the research is. In descriptive and correlational studies, there are no treatments involved (Burns amp; Grove, 2011). Since this study has treatments involve and the researchers have control over the treatments, it is experimental. Experimental study also uses a smaller sample size like the sample size in the article. It also involves 3 characteristics namely: (1) controlled manipulation of at least one treatment variable (independent variable); (2) exposure of some of the subjects to the treatment (experimental group), and no exposure of the remaining subjects (control group); and (3) random assignment of subjects to either the control or experimental group (Hopkins, 2008). 2. How did you confirm that the journal you selected was peer-reviewed or germinal? * * According to Burns amp; Groves, there are clues to know if an article is peer-reviewed. Some of the clues are finding out where the article originated, the number of references they used in the study and if the journal goes through a review process through their editorial board (2011, p. 191). I confirmed that the journal I selected was peer- reviewed based on the where my article originated. I found this article using ProQuest which gave me an option in searching only peer-reviewed articles. Aside from this, the article has 15 references which are from journals, nationally accredited organizations and textbooks. The article is from Orthopaedic Nursing Journal which is an international journal providing continuing education for orthopaedic nurses and focuses on a wide variety of clinical settings. It also provides departmental sections on current events, organizational activities, research, product and drug information, and literature findings. Articles reflect a commitment to professional development and the nursing profession as well as clinical, administrative, academic, and research areas of the orthopaedic specialty (NAON, 2011). The Orthopaedic Nursing Journal also has an editorial committee that reviews their articles before publishing them. 3. Does this research article generate support for evidence-based practice? If not, state why it does not. * * Using the critical appraisal guide, I believe that my research article generates support for evidence-based practice. The purpose of their study was clearly stated: To evaluate the effectiveness of femoral/sciatic nerve blocks on post-operative knee replacements. The inclusions and exclusions criteria were also reported. Patients were excluded if they had a history of chronic pain, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis or drug/alcohol dependence. In addition, patient who had received antiemetic prior to surgery, those with documented evidence of pre-operative cognitive impairment, or those who required admission to a critical care unit during their postoperative course were also excluded (Leach amp; Bonfe, 2009). The conclusion of the study was supported by the data from their research. The femoral/sciatic group members experienced less pain and increased functional range of motion. Their findings also support the research done by Cook et al. (2003) – that the use of femoral/sciatic blockade produces less pain and use of adjunct narcotics. Our facility uses evidence-based practice in our treatment plans. Finding this article validates why our orthopedic surgeons uses femoral/sciatic blocks on our total knee replacement post-operatively. It is interesting to find out literature that supports our practice.

Liam O’Flaherty and The Anglo-Irish War Essay Essays

Liam O’Flaherty and The Anglo-Irish War Essay Essays Liam O’Flaherty and The Anglo-Irish War Essay Essay Liam O’Flaherty and The Anglo-Irish War Essay Essay Liam O’Flaherty ( 1896-1984 ) Served in the Irish Guards of the British Army from 19151917 Suffered serious hurt from a bomb blast in Belgium ; was discharged due to depression. Following WWI. traveled widely and developed a universe position based on godlessness. communism. and the impression that Ireland should be an independent state Liam O’Flaherty ( 1896-1984 ) Joined the Irish Republican Army to force for Irish independency. Opposed the 1921 pact that made Ireland a portion of the British Commonwealth. Wrote 13 novels between 1923 and 1976. many of which focused on the effects of war. revolution. and societal turbulence in Ireland. Anglo-Irish War – Origins The Easter Rising took topographic point on 24 April. 1916 in Dublin. Ireland. The Irish Republican Brotherhood ( IRB ) successfully incited a rise of about 1. 600 Rebels. which was rapidly crushed by Crown ( British ) forces. The handling of the Rebels. nevertheless. created mass understanding and the effects of this rebellion are still felt in Irish and international political relations. The Anglo-Irish War 1919: The Irish Parliament. lead by Eamon de Valera and Michael Collins. declared Ireland a free province. The Irish Republic ground forces launched guerrilla warfare during the Irish War of Independence Anglo-Irish War – 1920 March - Thomas McCurtain. Lord Mayor of Cork was shot in forepart of his household by British forces. October - His replacement. Terence McSwiney. dies after a 74-day hungriness work stoppage. 1 November - Kevin Barry. an 18-year-old medical pupil. was hanged for his portion in an ambuscade he took portion in when he was 16. 21 November - Collins’s ‘Squad’ killed 14 members of an elect British undercover agent group known as the ‘Cairo Gang’ . Revenge was taken by Crown forces. who fired on the crowd in Croke Park. 12 people were killed and 60 wounded. Later that flushing. two IRA work forces and one inexperienced person adult male were shot ‘while escaping’ - in fact. they were marched into the prison courtyard and told to run. and when they refused they were shot in the dorsum. Afterwards. 21 November became known as ‘Bloody Sunday’5. Bloody Sunday The Anglo-Irish War – 1920 ( cont. ) 28 November - a winging column led by Tom Barry killed 18 auxilaries in an ambuscade at Kilmichael in west Cork. Shortly after. retaliation was taken by the combustion of the Centre of the metropolis of Cork. December - the Government of Ireland Act set up Home Rule parliaments in Dublin and Belfast. Each parliament was given control over domestic personal businesss. Sinn Fein rejected it. This Act implemented the Partition of Ireland. The Anglo-Irish War – 1921 25 May - the IRA burned Dublin’s usage house. where seven authorities sections were located. The onslaught led to the gaining control or decease of more than 80 IRA work forces. 22 June. at the gap of the northern parliament at Stormount. King George V appealed for a armistice: Pause. to stretch out the manus of patience and conciliation. to forgive and bury. King George V. 22 June. 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty An Irish Free State ( Saorstat Eireann ) of 26 counties was established The Irish province was a Dominion and was still portion of the Commonwealth The British Monarch would stay as caput of province and would be represented by the Governor-General The Royal Navy retained control of the ports of Cobh. Berehaven and Lough Swilly The boundary line between the Free State and Northern Ireland would be drawn up by a Boundary Commission Aftermath of the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1922: The Irish civil war interruptions out between pro- and anti-treaty parties. Armed groups crossed into Northern Ireland and attacked British installings. They hoped to coerce the British to give up control of Northern Ireland. Today’s IRA stems from anti-treaty forces. May 1923: The civil war terminals and Northern Ireland was still portion of the United Kingdom. 1937: A new fundamental law ratified by the Irish authorities changes the name of the Irish Free State to Ireland. 1949: Ireland officially declares its independency from Britain. Ireland had cut all ties with the United Kingdom and became an independent democracy.

My Diamond Ring Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Diamond Ring - Assignment Example The essay "My Diamond Ring" describes the fashion item, the Diamond Ring. My family had paid her a visit during one of the Easter vacations. In a remarkable manner, there was a unique bond shared between my grandmother and I. Every member of the family commented about our relation. Arguably, it suggested that I had won her tender spot. The ring only assisted in the cementing of the suggestion. Grandmother disclosed that she had received the ring form our late grandfather as a special present for her birthday. She further disclosed that she saw the little her in my personality, hence the kind gesture. I felt humbled by the present. I wear the ring in exceptional days that mark an excellence in life. Such includes occasions that exemplify my achievements such as graduations and birthdays. I tend to be persuaded that the ring offers a touch of greatness upon being worn. The perception may be related to the impression I had shared towards my grandmother. I once lost the ring after my you nger sibling played a trick on me while on the onset of my thirteenth birthday. I was extremely anxious over the loss. I found myself combing my entire room in search for the ring. Apparently, I used to place it on my drawer to my cloth closet. I cannot recollect the number of times I pulled the drawer in search of the ring. Eventually, my sibling disclosed of the folly, leaving me rather agitated while the rest of the family found the entire scenario rather humorous. I established a secret place for storing my exceptional ring.

Sexual Offenders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sexual Offenders - Research Paper Example The management of sexual offenders is very challenging especially when a time comes for reunification with family members. This is especially so because most of these sexual crimes are perpetrated by known people most of who are family members (Langan, Schmitt & Durose, 2003). This is supported by Campbell (2007 p. 3) who argues that â€Å"preditors pose a serious threat to society even after they have served their sentences.† According to Fenner (2008 p. 2) the safety and protection of victims should be the first priority in the management of sex offenders combined with effective collaboration of the different stakeholders. Research has shown that recidivism rates are high for sexual offenders after they are released from prison. This is despite the various treatments available for offenders either in the community or in prisons. This research is aimed at discussing self offenders. It will look into the reasons why they engage in such conduct, why recidivism rates do not decl ine despite various interventions and also the various forms of treatment in place for such offenders. Sexual Offenders Sexual offenders in this case refer to those engaged in sexual crimes of rape, sexual assault, child molestation and statutory rape. ... 16) Child molestation involves sexual crime against children while statutory rape involves non forcible sexual acts such as incest, adultery. The definition of a child or minor varies from state to state or from one country to another but in most cases the consenting age is the age between 14 and 18 though many states considers those below the age of 16 as minors. Sexual acts with a minor whether forcible or non forcible are considered a sexual offense in the United States though with some exceptions (p. 5). First, for it to be considered a crime the offender must be above age 18. Secondly, the age difference between the offender and victim must be established and if the offender is less than 3 years older than the victim, then it is not an offense. Another exceptional case is whereby the offender is married to a minor; in this case if the sexual act was consented it is not an offense. However, these may vary across various jurisdictions. Research indicates that most offenders are li kely to repeat the offense even after incarceration (Langan et al. 2003; US Office of Justice Programs, 2012). In light of this, it is only appropriate to try and figure out why people engage in sexual offenses against family members especially children and also strangers in the first place. Many theorists have put forward various reasons as to why individuals perpetrate sexual violence against children. Some believe it is a result of multiple factors while others attribute it to cognitive distortions. However, all agree that biological, cultural, social and psychological factors combine to drive the offenders to abuse children or even adults (Fenner, 2008; Wad, Polaschek & Beech, 2006). One theory developed by Finkelhor’s in 1984 known as

International finance strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International finance strategy - Essay Example Dividend policy pertains to the practice of company’s management in providing dividend payments or taking decisions related to the pattern and size of dividend cash distributions, which are to be made by the company to its shareholders (Nissam and Ziv, 2001). This decision to distribute company profits is critical for the company as it influences the capital structure as well as the stock prices. There are three basic contradictory theories in relation to dividend policies of firms. The first view in this regard claims that increase in dividend payments help to improve firm value. This is the bird in hand argument. The second view postulates that high payouts in the form of dividends have a conflicting effect on value of firm and is known as the tax preference argument. The third view is the dividend irrelevance hypothesis, which asserts that dividend decisions are irrelevant and dividend policy decision has no significant effect on the firm. Corporate managers have been able to realize that dividend payments are necessary to satisfy expectations of the company shareholders. They have tried to smooth out dividends over a long period of time because it is believed that reducing dividends might uphold an unfavourable image of the company to its shareholders. Hence, dividends are also used to give signals to the market about company performance and stability. Dividend policies have a huge impact on a company’s stock prices. There has been an ongoing debate regarding the impact of a firm’s dividend policy over its value and capital structure decisions since 1950s. The following sections shall discuss the issue in detail. In financial terms, the capital structure is a framework based on which a company finances the assets in combination of equity, debt and hybrid form of securities. The capital structure of a company is simply the formation of a company’s liabilities. According to

Wrinkles and Anti-Ageing Cream Discussion

Wrinkles and Anti-Ageing Cream Discussion Wrinkles are a part of life and they are an indication of old age. With this comes the fact that we all want to remain wrinkle free all our lives and for that we turn to many creams and medical procedures including surgery and botox. The usage of anti-ageing creams is a necessity as it can do wonders to the skin. Unfortunately, we are still unaware of many aspects on how we can stay beautiful and young hence, we turn to cosmetic creams after the occurrence of wrinkles and various skin pigmentations, especially women, can go to any heights to achieve that smooth flawless skin. Scientists have long been exploring the myth fountain of youth, trying to uncover the secret to anti-ageing and some years ago their diligent search yielded a major discovery Retinol; a highly effective form of Vitamin A. It plays an important role in anti-ageing skin care and is the purest and most active form of Vitamin A, as it aids in the resurfacing and rejuvenating of the skin and helps to impart a clearer, more vibrant complexion for all ages and skin types. As one gets older, the skin gradually worsens as stratum corneum (the layer of dead skin cells on the outermost layer of the skin that helps protect the deeper layers of the skin) begin to rub away. Also, the basal layer filled with collagen to protect the skin and elastin starts to fade. Retinol works by penetrating deep into the skin where collagen and elastin reside, as it stimulates more collagen production allowing the skin to repair and renew itself at a much faster rate. With this fact we also need to be aware that just because a cream contains retinol doesnt mean it will get rid of your wrinkles. You need a high level of retinol and a good delivery system so the retinol stays effective in the bottle and penetrates deep into your skin when you use it. For this particular cause and to raise awareness of how the skin can be nourished one of Pakistans leading dermatologists Dr. Fazeela Abbasi, conducted a beauty workshop recently where the topic of wrinkles was discussed in detail. Dr. Fazeela is an icon in the field of skin care and cosmetic procedures and is also an advisor/consultant in the Federal Ministry of Health. According to her the problem of ageing is solvable and the ingredient retinol is an important element. You! talks to her to find out more information on the cause of wrinkles and how they can be prevented: You! How wrinkles are formed? Dr Fazeela: Our skin resurfaces the basal layer of skin making new cells and sends them to the upper layers from where the skin cells get sloughed off in about 3 to 5 weeks. As we age the skin resurfacing process slows down, piling up the dead skin surface causing dullness and slowing the skin renewal mechanism, giving rise to wrinkles. You! How to slow down ageing and keep a younger looking skin? Dr F: Ageing is an inevitable process but could certainly be delayed. The first thing to do is to change your lifestyle to a healthy pattern. A healthy lifestyle focuses on a balanced diet including giving up bad habits like smoking, attaining proper sleep, appropriate workouts and a skin compatible regimen where strong sun exposures are avoided and proper anti-ageing creams are used in the right way. You! What is a proper anti-ageing cream? Dr F: The best anti-ageing ingredient is vitamin A derivative commonly known as retinol. So any cream having retinol is a proper anti-ageing cream. You! How long retinol needs to be used to get a significant impact? Dr F: You can see visible results in 4-6 weeks. You! If retinol is that good, is there anything we should be aware of? Dr F: The truth is that the quantities needed for retinol to exert a significant impact are very high i.e. 0.7%. It hence gets very expensive plus requires a dermatologists prescription as potent content levels as skin irritation could be a side effect. Though products with higher concentrations do exist but many do not deliver the purported benefits for a number of reasons. Furthermore, conversion rates of various forms of vitamin A to retinoic acid vary among individuals the same concentration may yield visible benefits in some people and little or none in others.

Essentialism is Essential in Education Essay -- Philosophy Education T

Essentialism is Essential in Education All six of the major educational philosophies Perennialism, Progressivism, Essentialism, Existentialism, Social Reconstruction, and Behaviorism are in my opinion feasible in the classroom. However, I have chosen Essentialism as the primary philosophy I would like to employ in my classroom for several reasons. Although I think all six would result in learning, which is the primary purpose of education, I think that Essentialism is superior to the other five for my classroom. I feel this way because it embraces the purpose or original goal of public education, it allows lessons to be gauged to all different learning styles, and finally because essentialism employs methods of teaching and discipline that I believe work exceptionally well with my content specialization. By the nineteenth century, public education, although not a perfect system, was well engraved in most Americans. These public schools taught the basics of knowledge through the three R?s: Reading, Writing and 'R'thmetic. This was the basic curriculum of a public school because public schools were in place to educate the people to better function in our society, not to teach them only what they wanted to learn or to teach how to ?better? society. These first public schools were founded on very Essentialist principles that I support whole-heartedly and that I feel should still be the main curriculum of our public schools today. Although electives are important because they help students select what they would like to do in the future, most classes in a public school system should be made up of a rigorous core curriculum so that students can gain the basic reading, writing, and math skills that they need to fu... .... I feel that in most cases, once a student has been punished through negative reinforcement for doing wrong, the student will attempt to correct such behavior in the future to avoid punishment. In addition, positive reinforcement should be given for those students who are the majority and behave, as well as for the students who are occasional troublemakers because positive reinforcement helps show what is correct behavior in response to bad behavior. In conclusion, after receiving my Bachelor?s Degree from Concord College, I intend to complete a Master?s program in Education at either Concord College or Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Upon completing my Master?s I plan to return to my home area of Franklin County Virginia to teach Social Studies on a high school level. I look forward to doing so, as well as proving just how essential essentialism can be.

American domestic life after World War II Essay

Assess some of the important changes to take place in American domestic life after World War II. This essay will deal with the following changes which took place in American domestic life after World War II; the growth in population and mobility, suburbanization, the consequences of suburbanization in the cities, the role of women in the post-war years and the status of African Americans. The Second World War brought suffering, destruction and devastation in Europe and to the rest of the world. Ironically, America, for her relatively less sacrifices, gained an unprecedented growth in the economy which manifested in booming industries in all spheres of America. In the first two decades after the war, America was transformed on such a scale that the rest of the economic powers could not match her in many decades to come. The American economy had grown during World War II, but it grew even stronger after the War. The American Gross National Product (GNP) increased from $200 billion in 1940 to $300 billion in 1950 but it reached$ 500 billion in 19601. The advances in technological development during the war have been transferred to manufacturing cars, televisions, washing machines, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners and several other domestic gadgets. As the economy was growing, so the wages increased which meant that new products were made and sold constantly. Television became a major part of America’s daily life, which not only provided the entertainment but it also exposed the people to advertisements and commercials. The unsuspecting public was buying all kind of devices available whether they were necessary or not. Advertising managers realised the power of commercials and huge financial gains therefore concentrated on improving their art of enticing the public. Computer technology had replaced the large and slow machines so the economy prospered rapidly. The result was the American middle class moved up the ladder and became upper middle class and some of the working class stepped up towards middle class. In contrast, African Americans and the poor white population stayed at the bottom of the pile and were not given the same opportunities to share the fruit of the prosperity. The birth-rate increased during the war but it peaked after the war. The population increased by 19 million in the 1940s, which was over twice the rise in the 1930s and later jumped up to 29 million in the 1950s. Although the rising birth rate was the main reason for the population growth, so the advancement in curing the illnesses meant that the death rate decreased. Therefore the average life expectancy for whites was 70 years and for blacks 642. As the population grew the people started moving towards the Pacific states more quickly than the other parts of America. The cities in Southwest grew more rapidly, for example Houston, Albuquerque, Tucson, and Phoenix. Los Angeles replaced Philadelphia as the third largest city, and California took over New York as America’s most populous state. In the 1950s the white middle class population moved out of crowded cities to the suburban areas. They moved to suburban areas to buy their own homes with gardens and garages. The building industry met the growing demand of new and better housing at faster rate than ever. The houses were built by developers such as William Levitt on a massive scale which were cheap, simple but comfortable. However, many American did not like the new housing developments and labelled them,’ugly boxes arranged in circles’ especially the architect profession. Architectural critic Lewis Mumford described such suburbs as: ‘a multitude of uniform, unidentifiable houses, lined up inflexibly, at uniform distances, on uniform roads, in treeless communal wasteland, inhabited by people of the same class, the same income, the same wage group’.3 The ownership of these houses was helped along through Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Veterans Administration (VA) who provided the loans on easy terms. The other factor was the availability of cars; people no longer depended on public transport. Car production increased from 2 million in 1946 to 8 million in 1955. The government began to build the highways on a large scale and linked them with different parts of the country. In June 1956, Congress authorised $32 billion to build new highways. By creating 56,000 miles of highways, federal government helped industry and commerce to move outside the cities4. The justification was that it would not only make people’s journeys easier it would also make the evacuation quicker in the event of nuclear war. Whatever the motivation was businesses began to realise where their future lay, so they began to move their businesses to suburbs. New shopping centres were built all over the country with entertainment, leisure and sports facilities. As a result, employment was brought to the door step and so people no longer travelled to cities to spend their money. Instead people from cities came to suburban areas to spend their dollars. The black people, the other minorities, and the poor section of the white population shopped in their localities where quality was decreasing and prices were increasing. For these ever growing mobile customers the franchise system was established. The first franchise right was bought from a fast-food establishment by a young entrepreneur Ray Kroc, and then gradually the franchise system became a prominent pattern in the country. While the Levitt development was satisfying one section of the community, the rest of the building industry started to cater for a wider range of income groups. These housing developments included shopping centres, schools, and churches. The private builders were proving to be successful in providing housing for American’s suburban families. Soon, all over the country the pattern was repeated as moderate-income families settled for inexpensive prefabricated dwellings in the fringes of the cities. These were in part for the war veterans helped by FHA and VA, but these facilities were not available to black war veterans. The wealthier population chose architect-designed houses in suburbia. However, again this development was mainly for the white population and was not available to blacks. This meant that segregation and discrimination was systematically continued and deepened the division between two races. The white population was moving out of crowded cities to better housing and a cleaner environment, and blacks were moving into the cities where the living standard was low, but factory work and other manual jobs were available to them. The result was that as the white population declined in the cities the black population increased. Other minorities such as Hispanics and Native Americans did not share in the benefits of the American Dream and like black people were treated as second-class citizens. On the surface, cities were losing out to suburban areas as the races shifted. Indeed, some fundamental changes were taking place underneath; the American social fabric was changing with equal speed. The gap was not only widening between the living standards of white people, it was becoming more prominent between cultures but it was ignored in the daze of prosperity. The building industry was helped by several Congressional laws to build the new houses in suburban areas. By 1972 some 11 million families owned their own houses with the help of the FHA. 22 million people had improved their properties with the aid of the VA in owner-occupied units. Some people were paying fewer for their mortgages on their new houses than they would have paid in rent for their rooms in the city. The FHA reinforced the racial segregation policy by refusing to assist the racially mixed cities to build new houses or improve the old ones. According to an administrator, ‘[it is] a conservative business operation rather than a programme of providing housing for all social groups on an equal bases’5. Consequently, the black population was not only deprived from better housing they were losing out from all the other facilities; good healthcare, recreational facilities, and better shopping facilities. The impact of the firms and white population moving out from the cities to suburban areas was that jobs and tax revenue were no longer available to improve the urban areas. In addition, the older and larger manufacturing firms were making losses and declining while tailor-made factories in suburban areas were growing and extending and creating new jobs. The blacks were expecting that their sacrifices during the war would be recognised and acknowledged by sharing in the economic boom, but instead they were overlooked once again. After the war women were expected to return to their traditional roles, whereas during the war they took over the jobs of servicemen and adjusted to their new roles comfortably. However, on their return from the War, men were given their jobs back and the women reluctantly retreated to their homes. Some women carried on working and others got married, stayed at home and looked after their children. Although women adjusted to their shifting roles, doubts and questions were beginning to surface. Women were again pulled back into the job market during the Korean and Vietnam wars. The labour saving devices in the home gave women freedom to work outside the home. Women also found it necessary to work in order to secure their newly defined identity. The number of working women doubled between 1940 and 1960. Prior to the Second World War, the majority of employed married woman came from a lower income family, but in the post-war women from middle class joined in as the first group tailored off. During the 1950s and 1960s, the women contributed 15 to 25 percent to their household income6. Women increased their white-collar jobs at a faster rate than men during the 1970s, but by the end of the decade they were still at the bottom of wage scale. It is a fact that after World War II, in the first two decades the United States economy grew at such a scale that it has changed American society and its standing in the world as a superpower. The wealth generated in those post-war years had been used in the development of the country’s infrastructure. The advances in living standards, schools, research, training for engineers and scientists and improved farming techniques as well as the network of highways meant that America was transformed. The technological advances were not limited to provide consumer goods; they also made the American military machine the most advanced force in the world. America won the space race, but it failed to include its black race in their astronomical and earthly achievements. However, the scale of its economic and technological achievements was matched by the disruption in the social fabric of the nation as its inequalities and injustices were magnified. The implications of the divisions created by this skewed economic growth will have its effects in the centuries to come, in racial tension, in domestic crime and social trends, and internationally as American culture is adopted as an aspiration for a globalise and consumer-centric world. Bibliography Books Chafe, W.H. The Unfinished Journey: America since World War II. Fourth Edition (Oxford University Press 1999). Issel, W. The Contemporary United States: Social Change in the United States 1945-1983 (London Macmillan Publishers LTD1985). Winkler, A.M. Modern America: United States from World War II to the Present. (New York Harper & Row Publishers 1985). Boyer, P.at al. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. Concise 4th edition (Boston, 2002). Brogan, H. The Penguin History of the USA. New edition (London Penguin 2001) 1 A.M.Winkler, Modern America: United States from World War 11 to present.p.82. 2 Ibid.,p.84 3 W. H. Chafe. The Unfinished Journey: America since World War II. p.117. 4W. Issel. The Contemporary United States: Social change in the United States. p. 92. 5 W. Issel. The Contemporary United States: Social change in the United States. P. 90. 6 A.M. Winkler. Modern America: United States from World War 11 to the Present. p.78.

Light and Dark in The Road by Cormac McCarthy essays

Light and Dark in The Road by Cormac McCarthy essays In the novel The Road, Cormac McCarthy uses many binaries. A binary opposition is a pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning; one of which is Light versus Dark. The common idea of light versus dark is that light is always good and darkness is always evil. However this idea tends to be too much of a generalization. Not all of the people who follow the light are good and many good people do happen to follow the dark. Despite all of the issues with Light versus Dark it really is a simple thing. All it comes down to is ones personal point of view. Someone who looks upon the world as a bad place to live, who feels no hope that anything could get better, is someone who lives with a dark mind. People of this sort arent necessarily FOLLOWERS of the dark but they ARE the basic orientation of darkness. On the other hand someone who always finds the positive things in life and finds the good in almost everything is someone whose basic orientation is of the light. Neither of these is right or wrong, and each of these can make plausible arguments for their points of view. Since people who follow the light tend to be optimistic, positive, and hopeful people the boy from The Road falls under this character. Throughout the novel the boy remained to always be positive and optimistic about the south. He is filled with innocence since he has known no other world. "Maybe he understood for the first time that to the boy he was himself an alien. A being from a planet that no longer existed. The tales of which were suspect. He could not construct for the child's pleasure the world he'd lost without constructing the loss as well and he thought perhaps the child had known this better than he." (129-130) The man sees light in two ways. The first one is through the boy. He knew only that the child was his warrant. He said: If he is not the word of God God never spoke.(5) The boy is the man...

McDonalds Strategic Audit Essay Example

McDonalds Strategic Audit Essay Example McDonalds Strategic Audit Paper McDonalds Strategic Audit Paper McDonalds as being ninth most valuable brand in the world which has replaced the US army as the Nation’s largest job training organization Controls the market share of more than 3 food chains taken together in America started in 1940. McDonalds Corporation (MCD) is the worlds largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily. McDonalds primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. More recently, it has begun to offer salads, wraps and fruit. Many McDonalds restaurants have included a playground for children and advertising geared toward children, and some have been redesigned in a more natural style, with a particular emphasis on comfort: introducing lounge areas and fireplaces, and eliminating hard plastic chairs and tables. Company has also expanded the McDonalds menu in recent decades to include alternative meal options like salads and snack wraps in order to capitalize on growing consumer interest in health and wellness. Each McDonalds restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporations revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company operated restaurants. McDonalds revenues grew 27% over the three years ending in 2007 to $22.8 billion, and 9% growth in operating income to $3.9 billion McDonalds’s success is the result of superior products, high standards of performance, distinctive competitive strategies and the high integrity of our people. McDonalds is continuing to expand and introduce new alternative beverages in the market. Approximately 85% of McDonald’s restaurant businesses world-wide are owned and operated by franchisees .All franchisees are independent, full-time operators. McDonald’s was named Entrepreneur’s Number-one franchise for 1997 McDonald’s corp. is currently one of the most successful consumer products company in the world with annual revenues exceeding $23 million and has more than 1.6 million employees. McDonald’s products are recognized and are most respected all around the globe. Currently, its divisions operate in all over the world in beverages, snack foods, and restaurants. The corporations increasing success has been based on high standards of performance, marketing strategies, competitiveness, determination, commitment, and the personal and professional integrity of their people, products and business practices. McDonald’s believes their success depends upon the quality and value of their products by providing a safe, whole some, economically efficient and a healthy environment for their customers; and by providing a fair return to their investors while maintaining the highest standards of integrity. McDonalds A Global Phenomenon McDonalds opened its doors in India in October 1996. Ever since then, our family restaurants in Mumbai, Delhi, Pune, Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ludhiana, Jaipur, Noida Faridabad, Doraha, Manesar and Gurgaon have proceeded to demonstrate, much to the delight of all our customers, what the McDonalds experience is all about. Our first restaurant opened on 15th April 1955 in Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A. Almost 50 years down the line, we are the worlds largest food service system with more than 30,000 restaurants in 100 countries, serving more than 46 million customers every day. Locally Owned McDonald’s in India is a 50-50 joint venture partnership between McDonald’s Corporation [USA] and two Indian businessmen. Amit Jatia’s company Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. owns and operates McDonalds restaurants in Western India. While Connaught Plaza Restaurants Pvt. Ltd headed by Vikram Bakshi owns and operates the Northern operations. Amit Jatia and Vikram Bakshi are like-minded visionaries who share McDonalds complete commitment to Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value (QSCV). Having signed their joint-venture agreements with McDonalds in April 1995, they trained extensively, along with their Indian management team, in McDonalds restaurants in Indonesia and the U.S.A. before opening the first McDonald’s restaurant in India.

Achievements of Heron Alexandria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 146

Achievements of Heron Alexandria - Essay Example Heron Alexandria was a man whose some of his ideas were derived from the work of Greek physicist and inventor Ctesibius. Heron Alexandria was a lecture of mechanics, physics, pneumatics and even mathematics at the Museum, where he presented some of his first official research work into the trans-disciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems, their structures, constants, and possibilities. He was the first engineering to come up with a wind wheel operating machine using wind to extract energy. A force pump also invented by him which is a kind of pump that has a solid piston and valves that are employed to raise a liquid or force it out by mechanical means. The hydraulic machine called Heron’s Fountain which is operated by its energy which is hydrostatic in nature was also invented by the man. He also came up with the formula that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time, which is sometimes taken as a definition of a ray of light. A portion of a solid which is cone or pyramid by chopping the top off a pyramid was also described by Heron Alexandria a method of iteratively or involving repetition, recurrence or repetitiousness for computing the square root which is nowadays known us Heron’s formula for f calculating the area of triangles which sides, relates. Heron Alexandria as an engineer and also a mathematician come up with several formulated method in his book 1, of his treatise Metrica which basically major on areas of triangles, regular polygons of a range of 3 to 12 sides, quadrilaterals, prisms, pyramid, spheres, and other useful shapes in mathematic calculations There is a memorable line in William Shakespeare’s ‘’twelfth night’ ’Methinks this line perfectly describe Heron Alexandria, which fully describes the fact that there is always an inborn ability in some men as contrasts the acquired attributes by others.

Permaculture Design Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Permaculture Design Course - Essay Example The location is in a dense urban environment with significant traffic and air pollution. There is little greenery in the area, a few trees on the sidewalk and street areas or found around the parking lots and yards in the area behind the buildings. The rooftop area of the house is flat, cement, and currently unused. This proposal advocates for the creation of a sprout production facility, wheat grass juice production center, manna bakery, and garden of salad greens, medicinal herbs, vegetables, and other biodiversity related or endangered species plants in the rooftop terrace area as an example of Permaculture transformation of the urban environment. This project includes a production facility that is generally considered as supplying the food or a portion of the food for the members of the household who live in it or in this instance as a supplement for fresh salad greens, sprouts, herbs, vegetables, bread, and juices. It is possible for this facility to also be constructed inexpens ively, from recycled or salvaged materials and to include a greenhouse facility on a portion of the rooftop area. The greenhouse will contain three tables that are dedicated to the production of sprouts – alfalfa seed, radish seed, garbanzo bean, and broad bean primarily. These sprouts will be grown in cyclical progressions so that a supply is ready each day for household consumption, or a seven day cycle. In association with the salad sprout production there will also be the production of sprouted wheat for â€Å"manna† bread, wheatgrass juice, and rejuvelac production. Sprouted wheat requires pure water, and this must be changed every day on the wheat berries. Similarly the salad sprouts should be grown with pure water which is changed every day. The greenhouse facilities should keep these facilities relatively protected from air pollution that is dust, particle, or ash. However, the greenhouse takes up only around 33% of the rooftop. The other part of the terrace will be used to set up a salad greens, medicinal herb, and vegetable garden that is created by filling barrels, buc kets, and clay pots with earth for planting. These barrels should be wood and organic if possible, and clay pots should be used in both for wheat berry sprouting and for containing the earth in which the vegetables are grown. This method of compact community farming was developed in Essene communities over 2000 years ago in desert type of conditions, but allowed for concentrated agricultural production co-mingled with residence. The barrels can be preferably of wood and the type that is used for wine. The earth can be transported in to the facility from a rural location using one or two pick-up trips only. The earth can be shoveled into nylon grain sacks that are easily available for carrying up the stairs to the roof area. The larger barrels can be used for mixed plantings, such as tomatoes in associations with greens or corn and beans. The smaller clay pots can be used for lettuces, basil, salad greens, and medicinal herbs and the lettuces can also be planted in cycles to be ready on a regular basis for daily harvesting and use in the house. By growing these fresh vegetables, sprouts, wheat grass juice, and manna bread, the household implements permaculture ideas into the urban environment in a manner that is at once self-sufficient, environmentally improving, and transformative to the community and individuals who participate in it. The health effects of the fresh vegetable, sprouts, and sprouted bread diet can also be considered beneficial, though the plants should be misted as well as watered on a regular basis